Maltese

The Maltese has the distinction of being the oldest of European toy breeds. Among the oldest of all breeds, the Maltese (also known as Bichon Maltaise) is a handsome dog that has been depicted in paintings throughout antiquity. An excellent lap dog, the gentle Maltese has long filled its role as companion admirably.

Appearance

The Maltese has a mantle of long, silky hair that can be white or light ivory. Its ears and tail are long and similarly covered in hair. They require occasional brushing and a clipping every few months. They have a compact, square body and generally move with a jaunty, smooth gait. Although fine-boned, this breed is remarkably sturdy. The Maltese stands between 8 to 10 inches at the shoulders and weight 4 to 7 pounds.

Personality

Maltese possess a playful, cheerful demeanor and is amongst the gentlest of all small dogs. They behave well around children, although children should be taught to treat the Maltese gently. Despite its size, it is bold and feisty and may challenge larger dogs. It is cautious of strangers, and some may bark a lot: qualities that may prove useful as a watchdog. 

History

Once known as “Ye ancient dogge of Malta”, the Maltese has warmed the laps of the elite for more than twenty-eight centuries. Many classical authors discussed the beauty, intelligence, and lovable qualities of Maltese dogs. The Greeks even erected tombs to their Maltese. For centuries, the Maltese has been the household pet of the elite; as such, this may account for the breeds refinement and cleanliness. As history can attest to, they are healthy and spirited despite being diminutive.

Care

Maltese require relatively little exercise and can be satisfied with short walks, romps, and games. Despite the long coat, the Maltese is not an outdoor dog and fares poorly in extreme weather. They need frequent brushing; it is recommended they be brushed every day or at least every other day. Their long coat may be clipped in order to reduce the need for grooming; however, this does eliminate one of the breed’s defining characteristics. Besides standard obedience training, the Maltese does not require any additional training and makes for an excellent house pet.

Health

The Maltese enjoy relatively few major health concerns. Amongst the minor issues the breed encounters are patellar luxation, hypoglycemia, hydrocephalus, distichiasis, and entropion. Due to these health issues, it is recommended that Maltese have their knees and eyes tested. The average lifespan of a Maltese is 12 to 14 years.

Conditions Summary

 

• Patellar Luxation: a condition where the knee cap moves out of position momentarily, can lead to lameness.
• Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar, can lead to lack of energy or may be a symptom of a more serious condition.
• Hydrocephalus: a condition where excess fluid is found in or around the brain.
• Distichiasis: a condition where abnormal eyelash growth near or under the eyelid irritates the eyes.
• Entropion: the lower eyelid rolls inward, causing pain and possible infections and permanent damage.

 

References

The Complete Dog Book. New York: Ballantine Books, 2006. Print.

"Malteses: A Guide to Dogs and Puppies of the Maltese Breed." The Dog Guide: Helping You Find Your Perfect Dog. 

"Animal Planet :: Dog Breed Profile :: Maltese." Animal Planet : Pets, Wild Animals, Dog Breeds, Cat Breeds.  

"American Kennel Club - Maltese." American Kennel Club - Akc.org.  

"Malteses - Choosing a Maltese." Pet Place:Pet Care Information - Pet Information - Pet Health Information.  

"Luxating Patella: A Knee Problem in Dogs." Pet Health Care | Dog and Cat Behavior Information by Veterinarians.  

"Puppy Hypoglycemia: Low Blood Sugar." Pet Health Care | Dog and Cat Behavior Information by Veterinarians.  

"Hydrocephalus in Puppies & Dogs." Pet Health Care | Dog and Cat Behavior Information by Veterinarians.  

"Distichiasis: Eyelashes Irritating the Eye in Dogs." Pet Health Care | Dog and Cat Behavior Information by Veterinarians.  

"Entropion - Inward Folding Eyelids in Dogs." Pet Health Care | Dog and Cat Behavior Information by Veterinarians.